![]() ![]() Such tools have been created and validated for various species, including rats 2, rabbits 3, horses 4, pigs 5, sheep 6, ferrets 7 and cats 8. ![]() Since Langford et al 1 first reported on facial expressions associated with pain in mice, there has been growing interest in tools for assessment of facial expressions linked to pain in a range of non-human animal species. Facial expressions are identified as one of the most common and specific indicators of pain in (human and non-human) animals. Accurate recognition and assessment of pain in animals is crucial for pain management and welfare assessment. ![]()
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